Fall Open Studio 2023, 9/30 & 10/01, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Art at the Kent

Art at the Kent Contemporary Art at an Historic Site  Art at the Kent mounts one extraordinary exhibition late each summer showcasing multiple Vermont contemporary artists within a remarkable historic setting. (802) 223-6613. 7 Old West Church Rd, Calais VT...

Art on Main

Art on Main Non-profit Gallery Showing 65+ Vermont Artists Art on Main is a non-profit gallery representing juried Vermont artists in a variety of mediums. We offer classes, rotating exhibits and annual events. (802) 453-4032 25 Main St, Bristol VT 05443....

ArtHound Gallery

ArtHound Gallery Vermont Art, Originals, Photography With over 300 Vermont Artists and curated VT Products to choose from, there is something at the ArtHound for everyone. (802) 662-4808 21 Essex Way #405, Essex VT 05452  john@brickhousestudios.com...

Back Roads Farm

Back Roads Farm - Sandy Pond Sculpture, Bowls, Small Vessels  Clay allows for a " sacred connection" to Earth, Fire, and Water, be it meditation, hand building or throwing on the wheel. I love having my hands in clay.   Phone: (802) 917-8883 Address: 201...

Back Road Textiles

Back Road Textiles - Francette Cerulli Original Handknits and Whimsical Textiles Fall Open Studio Map #90 My textile products range from clothespin bags (and DIY patterns for them) to warm and/or zany shawls and cowl/scarves. Phone:(802) 229-9827 Address: 581 Minister...

Bear Works Studio

Bear Works Studio - Stu Hall Pottery, Bowls, Mugs Our stoneware is for everyday use. No two pieces are exactly the same. You pick the size, design, and colors. Mugs, bowls,plates, and platters. (802) 456-7460 216 Scribner Rd, East Calais VT 05650 stuhall343@msn.com

Bette Ann Libby Studio

Bette Ann Libby Studio Ceramic Shard Mosaics, Sculpture   From pottery to ceramic shard mosaics, painting upcycled banners, mixed media sculptures, Libby connects communities through art, workshops, exhibitions and Studios Without Walls. Commissions accepted....

Birren Kirby

Birren Kirby - Anne Birren Kirby Watercolor, Acrylic, Oil Paintings Anne has two directions of styles. Contemporary abstract and folk art. Somewhat whimsical and a bit cheeky, but always bright and cheery. Love to meet you and hear your take on my art. Phone: (857)...

Blackthorne Forge

Blackthorne Forge Forged Sculptural, Functional Ironwork  Blackthorne Forge is owned and operated by Vermont blacksmith, Steven Bronstein. He has been creating functional and sculptural ironwork for over 40 years. His designs blend the primitive charm of ironwork...

Borealis Studios – Devin Burgess

Borealis Studios - Devin Burgess Hand Blown Glass Work  Devin’s glass work has tactile, graphic qualities to the surfaces, allowing light and shadow to play strong roles in his designs.  Phone: (802) 793-3179 Address: 42 Wilson St, Greensboro VT 05841 Email:...

Borealis Studios – Jerilyn Virden

Borealis Studios - Jerilyn Virden Utilitarian and Sculptural Earthenware Clay Jerilyn uses earthenware clay to create utilitarian and sculptural pieces. Minimal color and pared down forms accentuate a sense of generosity and strength. Phone: (802) 793-3179 Address: 42...

Brandon Artists Guild

Brandon Artists Guild Visual Artists Non-profit Gallery (802) 247-4956 7 Center St, Brandon, VT, 05733 thebag@brandonartistsguild.org  http://www.brandonartistsguild.org

Brian Hewitt Kind Art

Brian Hewitt Kind Art Landscape Artist Brian Hewitt is a self-taught artist living in North Bennington, Vermont. Vibrant landscape paintings with a unique perspective. Realism with a little imagination of mostly Vermont and some New England locations. (207) 229-4047...

Caleb Kenna Photography

Caleb Kenna Photography Vermont Photography  Caleb Kenna creates abstract aerial imagery of Vermont using a drone. His work has been featured in The New York Times and National Geographic. Image: Spring Maple in Weybridge Vermont.Phone: (802) 770-8700 Address: 40...

Carrie Pill

Carrie Pill Colorful Vermont Life Oil Paintings Fall Open Studio Map #36 As a skier, mountain biker, nature enthusiast and gardener I am rewarded with abundant joy, energy and painting inspiration year round.  I paint to share the magic of a full moon ski, the bliss...

Chris Lann Designs

Chris Lann Designs Contemporary Handcrafted Jewelry Taking cues from nature, I employ techniques used since the dawn of metalsmithing to create wearable art pieces that are at once organic and contemporary. Phone: (802) 254-0383 Address: 1420 Sunset Lake Rd,...

Christine Homer

Christine Homer Handwoven Scarves and Shawls “I am mesmerized by the colors and the intertwining of yarns.  Each piece I make is unique in its creation and designed to provide color and comfort when being worn.”(802) 453-3778 2662 N 116 Road, Bristol, VT, 05443...

ClayShare

ClayShare - Jessica Putnam-Phillips Ceramics, Bowls, Vases, Jewelry Jessica Putnam-Phillips is a ceramic artist, USAF veteran, and the founder of ClayShare.com, an online school for ceramic learning. (802) 379-5712 122 Middletown Rd (studio address 140 Middletown Rd),...

Collective – The Art of Craft

Collective - the Art of Craft Craft, Art, Cooperative Gallery  Collective - the Art of Craft is a twelve member cooperative craft gallery located in the heart of Woodstock, Vermont. Since 2006, Collective has been featuring a sublime collection of locally and...

Dancing Ear Design

Dancing Ear Design - Jill Listzwan Whimsical, Fun, Colorful, Jewelry Fall Open Studio Loop #6   Phone: (802) 247-6081 Address: 519 Lovers' Lane, Brandon VT 05733. Email: jill@pshift.com

Darlin Companion

Darlin Companion - Heather Bartels Leatherwork, Handbags, Satchels, Wearables  I am in leather worker living in East Jamaica, Vermont. I make functional accessories like handbags, wallets and jewelry that is entirely hand stitched. It is my preference to work...

Daryl V. Storrs Artworks

Daryl V. Storrs Artworks Jewelry, Woodcuts and Pastels Fall Open Studio Map #17 About my artwork………Working in the barn turned studio next to my house in Huntington, I make original block prints, pastel paintings and jewelry reflecting the landscape of Vermont. My...

Deborah Goudreau

Deborah Goudreau Functional Pottery, Sculpture, GardenDeborah enjoys making pottery that is functional, feels good in your hands and is appealing to the eye. Some of her work has been described as rather fanciful. Her sculptural works range from one-of-a-kind to...

Dianne Shullenberger

Dianne Shullenberger Fabric Collage, Colored Pencil I am most inspired by being outdoors and experiencing the atmosphere of a place. I want to capture a moment in  nature that may pass and keep it alive in my memory and experience it again as I look at my work.(802)...

Emile A. Gruppe Gallery

Emile A. Gruppe Gallery Exhibiting Fine Art & Craft Located in Jericho, Vermont since 2003, we exhibit and sell the works of noted landscape artist Emile A. Gruppe. We also promote local New England artists through exhibition and sales. (802) 899-3211 22 Barber...

Epoch Vermont Artisans

Epoch Vermont Artisans Cooperative Gallery, Fine Craft & Artwork A cooperative Gallery, EPOCH currently has 16 full time members who each work 2 days per month to staff and operate the business. In addition,  it also exhibits work from more than a dozen carefully...

Form and Function Pottery

Form and Function Pottery Functional and Sculptural Stoneware My main focus is on functional pieces which are meant to be used every day. When given extra time to access my creativity, I may come up with playful sculptural pieces or detailed art pieces.(802) 228-8609...

Frog Hollow Vermont Craft Gallery

Frog Hollow Vermont Craft Gallery Vermont State Craft Center Fall Open Studio Map #14   Frog Hollow Craft Association is a non-profit arts organization committed to craft education and fostering community understanding and appreciation of fine Vermont craft....

Gallery at the VAULT

Gallery at the VAULT  A Vermont State Craft Center Step into an historic 1907 bank and find hand-blown glass, scarves, pottery, slate, wrought iron, wooden ware, baskets, felt animals, quilted wall hangings, mobiles, photographs, fine art and more, including a walk-in...

Gerald K Stoner Sculpture

Gerald K Stoner Sculpture Whimsical, Graceful Welded Sculpture Our home studio here in Underhill has hosted the creation of sculptures for more than two decades. Prior to moving to Underhill, studio space spanned sites in Vermont, New York, and Illinois. My sculpture...

Ginger Elaine Creations

Ginger Elaine Creations - Ginger Fruncek Intuitive, Recycled, Fabric, Mixed Media ART, Joyfully Connected, created soulful expressions intuitive use of many art materials included but not limited to paint, thread, multi media and textile works. Conscience and...

Ginny Joyner

Ginny Joyner Illustrations, Watercolors, Prints, Classes Ginny graduated from the Rhode Island School of Design in 1986 and has been a freelance illustrator and teacher for over 25 years. She has visited many places around the world, observing, painting and finding...

Gretchen Alexander Art

Gretchen Alexander Art Fine Art Painting, Illustration I paint with acrylics, watercolors, and gouache exploring the interconnectedness of the natural world. My educational background in the natural sciences highly influences my work. (802) 304-8071 112 Nashville Rd,...

Hail Mary

Hail Mary - Mary Tapogna Mosaics: Lamps, Portraits, Animals I honor the traditional mosaic art form by striving for tedious intricacy, while incorporating contemporary unorthodox materials, and subject matter. Portraits and lighting are my specialties. (971) 227-5588...

Jeremy Ayers Pottery

Jeremy Ayers Pottery Functional and Decorative Ceramics  In the 21st Century, in a world of homogeneous, mass-produced products, a handmade piece of pottery in your hand is a choice that states that you want to slow down and enjoy the beauty of the moment. (802)...

Jim Jackson

Jim Jackson Paintings, Sculpture, Mixed Media Jim Jackson is an experimental artist who chooses not to be fenced in by the boundaries of any one medium. Often paintings seem to be evolving into sculptures and sculptures into paintings. Framing has become an integral...

Joan Curtis

Joan Curtis Mixed Media Artwork Lately my focus has switched to smaller 2D work, and away from the mixed media sculpture of the past.  I’m trying to invent a more manageable life. The newer pieces use acrylics and inks on paper or board surfaces that are prepped first...

Karen Deets Stained Glass

Karen Deets Stained Glass Stained Glass, Custom Painted and Fused Fall Open Studio Map #34 Karen Deets has been working with stained glass for over 45 years. She specializes in nature themes, fantasy and abstracts, including Vermont landscapes, using kiln fired...

Kathleen Fleming Art

Kathleen Fleming Art Contemporary Mixed Media Paintings Fall Open Studio Map #21 Inspired by the forms, shapes and tones of the landscape, I use playful and exaggerated color and composition to create contemporary mixed-media paintings. Phone: (802) 343-3950...

Katie O’Rourke Art

Katie O'Rourke Art Acrylic and Oil Paintings Katie O’Rourke is an artist who creates vibrant works in both acrylics and oils. She shares her passion for painting by teaching beginner classes for teenagers and adults, helping them discover their own artistic...

Katie Roberts Studio

Katie Roberts Nature Artist Eco-conscious Nature Oil Paintings Offering inspirational expression in oil in the form of artist-inspired originals, custom requests and limited edition prints, for the benefit of wildlife conservation. (802) 672-1997 102 Mill Rd,...

Ken Leslie

Ken Leslie Artist's Books and Paintings  Ken Leslie is most well-known for his paintings and artist’s books exploring the light and dark above the Arctic Circle, for which he has received numerous honors. Phone: (802) 473-2112 Address: 244 Carey Rd, Hardwick,...

Leopard Frog Art Gallery

Leopard Frog Art Gallery - Larisa Volkavichyute Local Art, Crafts, Gallery Fall Open Studio Map #47 Fun gallery with local artists. Unique wall art, ceramic, statement jewelry. Located on Rte 9, 3.9 miles west of downtown Brattleboro. From points north and south take...

Lesley Heathcote Studio

Lesley Heathcote Studio Birds, Animals, Landscapes, Pastels, Oils Fall Open Studio Loop #10 Phone: 802 689-2293 Address: 32 Larkin St, Brattleboro, VT, 05301 Email: lesley.heathcote@gmail.com Website: http://www.lesleyheathcote.com 

Long Walk Woodworking – Eric Diven

Long Walk Woodworking - Eric Diven Handcrafted Custom Wooden Furniture Eric Diven works with clients to design pieces that complement their needs and style. He brings the skill and experience to execute projects ranging from period reproductions to original and...

Luke Iannuzzi Pottery

Luke Iannuzzi Pottery Raku and Functional Tableware  Contemporary tableware, decorative raku and naked raku. Intro to wheel throwing classes and raku workshops. (802) 839-9650 5711 E. Warren Rd, Warren VT 05674  iannuzzi.luke@gmail.com...

The Luminous Moose

The Luminous Moose | Andy O'Brien Custom Stained Glass Designs My creations are in the Traditional Leaded style, Tiffany style, and most amazingly, the Luminous Moose style. Stained glass windows, panels, lamps, terrariums, chimes, sun catchers, mobiles and more....

Mad River Valley Arts

Mad River Valley Arts Changing Exhibits, Paintings, Drawings, Sculpture   (802) 496-6682  2 Village Square Rte 100, Waitsfield VT 05673 info@madrivervalleyarts.org  https://madrivervalleyarts.org

May Day Studio

May Day Studio - Kelly McMahon Letterpress, Bookbinding, Relief Printmaking May Day Studio is a custom letterpress shop and bindery in one. Besides custom printing, we also offer several lines of blank journals and letterpress notecards.(802) 229-0639 190 River St,...

Meinhardt Design, Inc

Meinhardt Design, Inc | Jean Meinhardt Contemporary Porcelain, Microcrystalline Glaze Fall Open Studio Map #16 In my work to develop glazes, I have aimed to create something that will do more than simply cover the form. The surfaces that I find most appealing are...

Merwin Gallery

Merwin Studio Landscape-based, Contemporary Abstract Paintings My painting process expresses a layering of symbol and spirituality using nature as a doorway to the expression of existential concerns. (802) 468-2592 557 Main St, Castleton VT 05735 mottst@comcast.net...

Meta Strick Studio

Meta Strick Studio Art Dolls, Mixed Media Lifelong artist. Mixed media explorations using paint, carved wood, paper, textiles, calligraphy, found objects, and foolishness to make dolls, critters, characters, paintings, and ornaments.(802) 782-2621 460 Cronin Rd,...

MRH Goldsmith

MRH Goldsmith - Michael Reid Hunter Goldsmith Using High Karat Golds Fall Open Studio Map #51 I am an art/goldsmith that works in 22K-24K gold and ancient artifacts. I work with ancient materials that I reformulate and allow to continue their amazing journey....

Mike Mayone Fine Art

Mike Mayone Fine Art Paintings, Prints, Cards and Lessons Mike is an award-winning Vermont fine artist with an eye for detail and realism, who loves capturing the charm of Vermont and New England in his paintings.(802) 388-7401  8 Case, Middlebury, VT, 05753...

Milton Artists Guild

Milton Artists Guild Art Center, Gallery, Demonstrations (802) 355-6583 199 Route 7, Hannaford Plaza, Milton, VT, 05468 director@miltonartistsguild.org https://www.miltonartistsguild.org

Moosewalk Studios and Gallery

Moosewalk Studios and Gallery | Gary Eckhart Watercolors, Photography, Giclees, Gallery Fine art and photography devoted to picturing the Vermont and New England scenes.(802) 583-2224  200 Orion Rd, Warren, VT, 05674 fineart@moosewalkstudios.com...

Mud Puppy Pottery

Mud Puppy Pottery | Andy Snyder Functional, Artistic Pottery  (802) 793-4728  682 Sunset Lake Rd, Orwell, VT, 05760 mudpuppypottery@gmail.com http://www.mudpuppypottery.net

Mud Studio

Mud Studio Clay Classes, Memberships, Gallery  The studio offers 12 pottery wheels, a slab roller, extruders, a variety of hand tools, over thirty glazes, a variety of colored slips, two large kilns, one gas and one electric, eight different clay bodies and...

Muffy K G Art

Muffy K G Art - Muffy Kashkin Grollier Needle-Felted Wool Paintings Fall Open Studio Map #32 My painting are made with wool fiber, needle-felted to a wool "canvas". They are inspired by nature and fantasy. Phone: (802) 948-2561 Address: 310 Rte 22A, Orwell VT 05760...

Ornaglyphology

Ornaglyphology - Mindy Fisher Colorful Gouache Paintings Mindy Fisher works out of her storefront studio in Bellows Falls. She paints custom portraits and chaotic abstract scenes with gouache and other mediums. (802) 591-2329 11 Canal St, Bellows Falls VT 05101...

Orchard Street Pottery

Orchard Street Pottery - Walter Slowinski Woodfired, Salt-glazed, Functional Ceramics   (802) 257-1030 658 Orchard St, Brattleboro VT 05301 orchardstreetpottery@gmail.com  http://walterslowinskipottery.weebly.com

Raven’s Nest Studio and Gallery

Raven's Nest Studio and Gallery - Kathrena Ravenhorst-Adams Original Watercolors, Pastels & Oils Kathrena Ravenhorst-Adams' special love is the expression of nature through art. She graduated from Mary Baldwin College and earned a Masters Degree in Art and Natural...

Readsboro Glassworks – Mary Angus

Readsboro Glassworks - Mary Angus Blown Glass, Sandblasted and Carved  Mary Angus creates objects that show the beauty of glass - its translucency, the way glass moves when it's molten, the effects of color, light, and shadow on a form. Her pieces show the beauty...

Readsboro Glassworks – K William Lequier

Readsboro Glassworks - K William Lequier Sandblast Carved, Sculptural Glass Glass artist K. William LeQuier uniquely conveys the raw emotion of a single moment in time with each of his sculptures. The power of his work is in the quality and expression of...

Rend’l Pottery

Rend'l Pottery - Irene Lederer LaCroix Raku and Saggar-fired, Pottery, Sculpture, Tiles My sculptures and vessels are a search for beauty with forms that are simple but also sensuous. Hand-built using white stoneware clay, they are burnished, bisqued, and fired in a...

Rising Meadow Pottery

Rising Meadow Pottery Wood/Salt/Soda-fired Utilitarian Pottery Diane Rosenmiller and Nicholas Seidner established Rising Meadow Pottery in 1998. Their pottery is complete with studios, a variety of kilns, classroom and a gallery. In late 2009 they fired for the first...

River Artisans Cooperative

River Artisans Cooperative Pottery, Quilts, Wood, Jewelry The River Artisans Cooperative exhibits the work of over a dozen local artists. Run by members and staffed by members since 1975. (802) 591-2085 28 Village Square, Bellows Falls VT 05101....

River Road Pottery

River Road Pottery - Tad Lawrence Functional Stoneware and Landscape Painting I primarily make functional wheel thrown and slab built stoneware pottery. I also produce landscape paintings in watercolors, acrylic, oil and mixed media. (617) 276-5140  681 River Road...

Robert Compton Pottery

Robert Compton Pottery Pottery, Gas-fired, Salt-Glazed, Wood-fired  I create work with strong elegant forms that are enhanced by the different firing processes I have honed over 50 years of pottery making.(802) 453-3778 2662 N 116 Road, Bristol, VT, 05443...

Robert O’Brien Watercolors

Robert O'Brien Watercolors Watercolor Paintings, Landscapes, Flowers "I have been painting in the watercolor medium for over fifty years. One of my main objectives in watercolor painting is to create light through the use of shadow." (802) 263-9394 2811 Weathersfield...

Romulus Craft

Romulus Craft | Ikuzi Teraki and Jeanne Bisson Thrown/Hand built Contemporary Porcelain Fall Open Studio Map #71 Romulus Craft is about relationships. Relationships between two distinct individuals from two different cultures, between nature and time, between control...

Rose Bernhard Ceramics

Rose Bernhard Ceramics Handcrafted Ceramics, Mugs, Bowls Fall Open Studio Loop #10 I envision the whimsy my ceramic vessels bring to your everyday rituals. May my work elevate life's simple moments. Phone: (802) 258-7544 Fall Open Studio 2023 - 212 Fox Farm Rd,...

Ruby Charuby Weavings

Ruby Charuby Weavings | Ruby Leslie Handwoven Scarves, Shawls, Home Textiles  Nationally known for her superb use of color, Ruby’s scarves are stylishly sophisticated, woven with lustrous, iridescent color gradations, eye-catching patterning, and luxurious...

Salt & Sand Studios

Salt & Sand Studios - Spencer Kirk-Jackson Glass, Blown, Fused, Flameworked Lessons Salt & Sand Studios is located on scenic route 100 (right by the Warren Falls). We provide classes and workshops in blown, fused and flameworked glass for all ages. Classes...

Scot Keefe

Scot Keefe Salvaged Goods, Wood, Metal I've always felt items have many uses other than those intended for. Useful and visual pieces happen from leftover, discarded material. See, dream, make. (802) 734-3051 2922 Silver St, Hinesburg VT 05461 scot.keefe@gmail.com

Seasholtz Glass Design

Seasholtz Glass Design | Matt Seasholtz Blown Glass  I enjoy creating objects with simplicity being the centerpiece of my design philosophy. My work is strongly influenced by the natural beauty of landscapes. Mountain ranges, sand dunes and the ocean are some of...

Stephen Lally Pottery

Stephen Lally Pottery Wood Fired Functional Pottery My work is wheel thrown with an emphasis on form and altered on the wheel. I both make wood-fired stoneware pottery and terra cotta planters. Phone: (703) 819-9990 Address: 662 Haven Hill Rd, South Londonderry Vt...

Sugar House Jewelry

Sugar House Jewelry - Erin Cohen Silver and Gold Handmade Jewelry   (802) 310-7408 140 A VT Rte 15, Jericho VT 05465 ecranco@gmail.com  http://www.sugarhousevt.art

Third Branch Pottery

Third Branch Pottery Clay Studio, Gallery, Classes  Our studio is welcoming to and supports people of all ages who want to explore the world of clay in their own unique ways. We offer workshops and classes in order to to inspire and enhance everyone’s creative...

Todd Reuben

Todd Reuben Stainless Steel Abstract Sculpture The preferred medium of Todd Reuben is stainless steel. Like gold, stainless steel is immutable; it does not tarnish or rust, retaining its quality forever. When refined and polished to a high luster, the reflective...

Tom Wright

Tom Wright Abstract Oil Paintings and Drawings Abstract oil paintings and mixed media drawings on paper. Phone:(802) 488-0440 Address: 7106 Spear Street, Charlotte VT 05445 Email: tomwrightart@gmail.com Website: https://www.tomwright.work

Trillium Art & Beyond

Trillium Art & Beyond - Yinglei Zhang Traditional Chinese Ink Painting Fall Open Studio Map #26  Yinglei Zhang is known for her poetic and expressive Chinese painting and calligraphy. Her paintings show her deep love of Vermont nature and its landscape....

Twisted Perception Metal Works

Twisted Perception Metal Works - Rebecca Chomyn Swirling, Floral, Steel Sculpture Twisted Perception Metal Works (Rebecca Nase Chomyn) fabricates beautiful hand cut, hand bent steel designs. From flowers, to leaves, to states or words and beyond. These items range in...

Ubeadquitous

Ubeadquitous - Thomasin Alyxander Storytelling Through Beads Fall Open Studio Map #57 Each piece of jewelry or sculpture tells a story weaving together thoughts from mythology, history, and anthropology. Phone: 707-239-4870 Address: 13 Prospect St, Bellows Falls VT...

Vermont Artisan Designs & Gallery 2

Vermont Artisan Designs & Gallery 2 American Art and Craft Vermont Artisan Designs -- along with Gallery 2, upstairs -- is an extensive showcase of quality, juried crafts and fine art. In addition to the furniture, artwork and sculpture found in Gallery 2, the...

Vermont Gallery of Folk Art

Vermont Gallery of Folk Art American Folk Art The Vermont folk art gallery is a collaboration of three Vermont folk artists. Warren Kimble, Robin Kent and Medana Gabbard. Fun original Folk Art located in downtown Brandon  (802) 247-4732  24 Park St, Brandon VT 05733...

White River Craft Center

White River Craft Center Weaving, Photography, Art Gallery   Discover Randolph's vibrant art scene at the White River Craft Center. Studio Artists in Fiber Arts, Printmaking, Photography, Painting, and more will be welcoming visitors all weekend. Enjoy tours of...

Wind’s Edge

Wind's Edge Studio| Marion Philipsen Seasholtz Quilts, Pillows, Wallhangings, Table Runners  Marion’s fiber work covers a lot of different ground. Quilts, pillows and wall hangings made from commercial hand dyed batiks and also incorporating her own hand dyed...